Zhang, F., Kamp, F., and Hamilton, J.A. 1996. Dissociation of long and very long chain fatty acids from phospholipid bilayers. Biochemistry. 35:16055-16060.
Hamilton, J.A. 1999. Transport of fatty acids across membranes by the diffusion mechanism. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 60:291-297.
Luiken, J.J.F.P., et al. 1999. Cellular fatty acid transport in heart and skeletal muscle as facilitated by proteins. Lipids. 34(Suppl.):S169-S175.
Memon, R.A., et al. 1999. Regulation of putative fatty acid transporters and Acyl-CoA synthetase in liver and adipose tissue in ob/ob mice. Diabetes. 48:121-127.
Zakim, D. 1996. Fatty acids enter cells by simple diffusion. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 212:5-14.
Fitscher, B.A., Elsing, C., Riedel, H.D., Gorski, J., and Stremmel, W. 1996. Protein-mediated facilitated uptake processes for fatty acids, bilirubin, and other amphipathic compounds. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 212:15-23.
Bojesen, I.N., and Bojesen, E. 1994. Binding of arachidonate and oleate to bovine serum albumin. J. Lipid Res. 35:770-778.
Arachidonic acid concentrations
In pancreatic islets:
Wolf, B.A., Pasquale, S.M., and Turk, J. 1991. Free fatty acid accumulation in secretagogue-stimulated pancreatic islets and effects of arachidonate on depolarization-induced insulin secretion. Biochemistry. 30:6372-6379.
Cannabinoid/eicosanoid reviews
Piomelli, D., Giuffrida, A., Calignano, A., and Rodriguez de Fonseca, F. 2000. The endocannabinoid system as a target for therapeutic drugs. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 21:218-224.
Salzet, M., Breton, C., Bisogno, T., and Di Marzo, V. 2000. Comparative biology of the endocannabinoid system possible role in the immune response. Eur. J. Biochem. 267:4917-4927.
Additional ion channel references
Henderson, L.M., and Chappell, J.B. 1996. NADPH oxidase of neutrophils. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1273:87-107.
Lauritzen, I., et al. 2000. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are potent neuroprotectors. EMBO J. 19:1784-1793.
Kang, J.X., and Leaf, A. 2000. Prevention of fatal cardiac arrhythmias by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71(Suppl.):202S-207S.
Liu, L., and Rittenhouse, A.R. 2000. Effects of arachidonic acid on unitary calcium currents in rat sympathetic neurons. J. Physiol. 525:391-404.
Zhang, Y., Cribbs, L.L., and Satin, J. 2000. Arachidonic acid modulation of alpha1H, a cloned human T-type calcium channel. Am. J. Physiol. 278:H184-H193.
Bang, H., Kim, Y., and Kim, D. 2000. TREK-2, a new member of the mechanosensitive tandem-pore K+ channel family. J. Biol. Chem. 275:17412-17419.
Liu, Y., et al. 2001. Direct activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel by arachidonic acid. Mol. Pharmacol. 59:1061-1068.
Nojima, H., Sasaki, T., and Kimura, I. 2000. Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin D2 cooperatively accelerate desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel in mouse skeletal muscles. Brain Res. 852:233-238.
Xiao, Y.F., et al. 2001. Single point mutations affect fatty acid block of human myocardial sodium channel alpha subunit Na+ channels. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:3606-3611.
Ingram, S.L., and Amara, S.G. 2000. Arachidonic acid stimulates a novel cocaine-sensitive cation conductance associated with the human dopamine transporter. J. Neurosci. 20:550-507.
Additional apoptosis-related references
Atsumi et al. have shown that iPLA2 and arachidonic acid participate in Fas-induced apoptosis of human leukemic U937 cells:
Atsumi, G., et al. 1998. Fas-induced arachidonic acid release is mediated by Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 but not cytosolic phospholipase A2, which undergoes proteolytic inactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 273:13870-13877.
Atsumi, G., et al. 2000. Distinct roles of two intracellular phospholipase A2s in fatty acid release in the cell death pathway. Proteolytic fragment of type IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha inhibits stimulus-induced arachidonate release, whereas that of type VI Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 augments spontaneous fatty acid release. J. Biol. Chem. 275:18248-18258.
Fonteh et al. recently reported a decrease in remodeling in mast cells undergoing apoptosis:
Fonteh, A.N., LaPorte, T., Swan, D., and McAlexander, M.A. 2001. A decrease in remodeling accounts for the accumulation of arachidonic acid in murine mast cells undergoing apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 276:1439-1449.